બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત
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[[બોધગયા]] નગરમાં આ ધર્મનું ધર્મસ્થાન છે. આ ધર્મનો પ્રાચિન ધર્મગ્રંથ '[[ટ્રીપીતક]]' છે જે [[પાલી ભાષા]]માં લખાયો છે. આ ધર્મના ધર્મસ્થાનને પેગોડા કહે છે. બૌદ્ધ ધર્મનો હેતુ આત્માને પામવાનો છે અને તેમના જીવનમાં સત્યનું અને સાદગીનું મહત્વ છે. તેના માર્ગને [['અષટઆત' માર્ગ]] કહે છે. આ ધર્મમાં [[ધ્યાન]]નું સવિશેષ મહત્વ છે. [[વિપ્શના]] ધ્યાનની રીતનો ફેલાવો [[ભગવાન બુદ્ધે]] કર્યો હતો. |
[[બોધગયા]] નગરમાં આ ધર્મનું ધર્મસ્થાન છે. આ ધર્મનો પ્રાચિન ધર્મગ્રંથ '[[ટ્રીપીતક]]' છે જે [[પાલી ભાષા]]માં લખાયો છે. આ ધર્મના ધર્મસ્થાનને પેગોડા કહે છે. બૌદ્ધ ધર્મનો હેતુ આત્માને પામવાનો છે અને તેમના જીવનમાં સત્યનું અને સાદગીનું મહત્વ છે. તેના માર્ગને [['અષટઆત' માર્ગ]] કહે છે. આ ધર્મમાં [[ધ્યાન]]નું સવિશેષ મહત્વ છે. [[વિપ્શના]] ધ્યાનની રીતનો ફેલાવો [[ભગવાન બુદ્ધે]] કર્યો હતો. |
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'''Buddhism''' is a [[religion]] indigenous to the [[Indian subcontinent]] that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]], who is commonly known as the Buddha, meaning "the awakened one". The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]] sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.<ref>"Buddhism". (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 26, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition.</ref> He is recognized by Buddhists as an [[Bodhi|awakened]] or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help [[Sentient beings (Buddhism)|sentient beings]] end their suffering ([[dukkha]]) through the elimination of ignorance ([[Avidyā (Buddhism)|avidyā]]) by way of understanding and the seeing of dependent origination ([[pratītyasamutpāda]]) and the elimination of desire ([[taṇhā]]), and thus the attainment of the cessation of all suffering, known as the sublime state of [[nirvana|nirvāņa]].<ref>Gethin (1998), ''Foundations'', pp. 27–28, pp. 73–74</ref> |
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Two major branches of Buddhism are generally recognized: [[Theravada]] ("The School of the Elders") and [[Mahayana]] ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] and [[Buddhism in Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]] (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.). Mahayana is found throughout [[Buddhism in East Asia|East Asia]] (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan etc.) and includes the traditions of [[Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land]], [[Zen]], [[Nichiren Buddhism]], [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Shingon]], and [[Tiantai]] ([[Tendai]]). In some classifications, [[Vajrayana]]—practiced mainly in [[Tibet]] and [[Mongolia]], and adjacent parts of [[Buddhism in China|China]] and [[Buddhism in Russia|Russia]]—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. |
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While Buddhism remains most popular within Asia and India, both branches are now found throughout the world. Estimates of Buddhists worldwide vary significantly depending on the way Buddhist adherence is defined. Estimates range from 350 million to 1.6 billion, with 350–550 million the most widely accepted figure. Buddhism is also recognized as one of the [[Growth of religion|fastest growing religions]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.proutglobe.org/2012/01/buddhism-may-regain-its-status-as-the-worlds-largest-religion/ |title=Buddhism May Regain Its Status as the World’s Largest Religion |publisher=PROUT Globe |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Beckford |first=Martin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/5977093/Buddhism-is-fastest-growing-religion-in-English-jails-over-past-decade.html |title=Buddhism is fastest-growing religion in English jails over past decade |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/10418 |title=Buddhism fastest growing religion in West |publisher=Asian Tribune |date=2008-04-07 |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/wa/content/2006/s1947996.htm |title=Stateline Western Australia |publisher=Abc.net.au |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref> |
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[[Schools of Buddhism|Buddhist schools]] vary on the exact nature of the path to [[Nirvana|liberation]], the importance and [[Buddhist texts|canonicity of various teachings and scriptures]], and especially their respective practices.<ref>Robinson et al., ''Buddhist Religions'', page xx; ''Philosophy East and West'', vol 54, ps 269f; Williams, ''Mahayana Buddhism'', Routledge, 1st ed., 1989, pp. 275f (2nd ed., 2008, p. 266)</ref> The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the [[Three Jewels]]: the Buddha, the [[Dharma (Buddhism)|Dharma]] (the teachings), and the [[Sangha]] (the community). Taking "[[Refuge (Buddhism)|refuge]] in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qjbBKG06To0C&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q= |title=Light of Wisdom|publisher=Rangjung Yeshe Publications |year=2004|accessdate=2010-08-25|isbn=978-962-7341-37-6|author=Padmasambhava, Jamgon Kongtrul, Erik Pema Kunsang}}</ref> Other practices may include following [[sīla|ethical precepts]]; [[Dana (Buddhism)|support of the monastic community]]; [[Nekkhamma|renouncing]] conventional living and becoming a [[Buddhist monasticism|monastic]]; the development of [[Mindfulness (Buddhism)|mindfulness]] and practice of [[Buddhist meditation|meditation]]; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; [[Buddhist devotion|devotional]] practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and [[bodhisattva]]s. |
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== આ પણ જુઓ == |
== આ પણ જુઓ == |
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* [[પાલિ ભાષા]] |
* [[પાલિ ભાષા]] |
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૧૪:૩૨, ૫ નવેમ્બર ૨૦૧૩ સુધીનાં પુનરાવર્તન
| આ લેખ બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ પરની શ્રેણી નો ભાગ છે |
| બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ |
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બૌદ્ધ ધર્મનો જન્મ ભારતમાં થયો હતો. આ ધર્મનો ઇતિહાસ ખૂબ જુનો છે. તેનો ફેલાવો પાછળથી ચીન દેશમાં વધુ થયો. ભગવાન બુદ્ધ આ ધર્મના સ્થાપક હતા. તેમનો જન્મ ઇ.પૂ. ૫૬૩ના વર્ષમાં ભારતના કપીલવસ્તુ નગરમાં થયો હતો. સિદ્ધાર્થ ગૌતમ બુદ્ધ એ બૌદ્ધ ધર્મના સ્થાપક છે તથા હિંદુ ધર્મમાં વિષ્ણુના ૧૦ અવતારોમાં નવમા અવતાર ગણાય છે. ઇ.સ. પુર્વે ૫૬૩ના વર્ષમાં બુદ્ધનો જન્મ કપિલવસ્તુ નગરીમાં શાલ્ક્ય પરિવારમાં થયો હતો. જન્મ સમયે તેમનું નામ સિદ્ધાર્થ હતું. જન્મના કેટલાક દિવસો બાદ માતાનું અવસાન થતાં તેમનો ઉછેર તેમની માસી ગૌતમીએ કર્યો હતો. આથી તેને લોકોએ ગૌતમ કહીને બોલાવવાનું શરૂ કર્યું હતું. ગૌતમ બુદ્ધ 10૦ વર્ષ સુધી જીવ્યા હતા. ગૌતમ બુદ્ધને શાક્યમુનિ પણ કહેવાય છે.
બોધગયા નગરમાં આ ધર્મનું ધર્મસ્થાન છે. આ ધર્મનો પ્રાચિન ધર્મગ્રંથ 'ટ્રીપીતક' છે જે પાલી ભાષામાં લખાયો છે. આ ધર્મના ધર્મસ્થાનને પેગોડા કહે છે. બૌદ્ધ ધર્મનો હેતુ આત્માને પામવાનો છે અને તેમના જીવનમાં સત્યનું અને સાદગીનું મહત્વ છે. તેના માર્ગને 'અષટઆત' માર્ગ કહે છે. આ ધર્મમાં ધ્યાનનું સવિશેષ મહત્વ છે. વિપ્શના ધ્યાનની રીતનો ફેલાવો ભગવાન બુદ્ધે કર્યો હતો. Buddhism is a religion indigenous to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha, meaning "the awakened one". The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[૨] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering (dukkha) through the elimination of ignorance (avidyā) by way of understanding and the seeing of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) and the elimination of desire (taṇhā), and thus the attainment of the cessation of all suffering, known as the sublime state of nirvāņa.[૩]
Two major branches of Buddhism are generally recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.). Mahayana is found throughout East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan etc.) and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai). In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana.
While Buddhism remains most popular within Asia and India, both branches are now found throughout the world. Estimates of Buddhists worldwide vary significantly depending on the way Buddhist adherence is defined. Estimates range from 350 million to 1.6 billion, with 350–550 million the most widely accepted figure. Buddhism is also recognized as one of the fastest growing religions in the world.[૪][૫][૬][૭]
Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices.[૮] The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking "refuge in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist.[૯] Other practices may include following ethical precepts; support of the monastic community; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.
આ પણ જુઓ
સંદર્ભ
- ↑ બોધગયા વિષે માહિતી
- ↑ "Buddhism". (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 26, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition.
- ↑ Gethin (1998), Foundations, pp. 27–28, pp. 73–74
- ↑ "Buddhism May Regain Its Status as the World's Largest Religion". PROUT Globe. મેળવેલ 2013-06-18. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ Beckford, Martin. "Buddhism is fastest-growing religion in English jails over past decade". Telegraph. મેળવેલ 2013-06-18. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ "Buddhism fastest growing religion in West". Asian Tribune. 2008-04-07. મેળવેલ 2013-06-18. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ "Stateline Western Australia". Abc.net.au. મેળવેલ 2013-06-18. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ Robinson et al., Buddhist Religions, page xx; Philosophy East and West, vol 54, ps 269f; Williams, Mahayana Buddhism, Routledge, 1st ed., 1989, pp. 275f (2nd ed., 2008, p. 266)
- ↑ Padmasambhava, Jamgon Kongtrul, Erik Pema Kunsang (2004). Light of Wisdom. Rangjung Yeshe Publications. ISBN 978-962-7341-37-6. મેળવેલ 2010-08-25. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)