ગંધક: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

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લીટી ૧: લીટી ૧:
'''Sulfur''' or '''sulphur''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|s|ʌ|l|f|ər}} {{respell|SUL|fər}}; [[#Spelling and etymology|''see spelling below'']]) is the [[chemical element]] with atomic number 16, represented by the symbol '''S'''. It is an [[Abundance of the chemical elements|abundant]], [[Valence (chemistry)|multivalent]] [[non-metal]]. At [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|normal conditions]], sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S<sub>8</sub>. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow [[crystal]]line solid. Chemically, sulfur can react as either an [[oxidant]] or [[reducing agent]]. It oxidizes most [[metal]]s and several [[nonmetal]]s, including carbon, which leads to its negatives charge in most [[organosulfur compound]]s, but it reduces several strong oxidants, such as [[oxygen]] and [[fluorine]].
'''ગંધક''' અથવા ફોસ્ફરસ એ એક રાસાયણીક તત્વ છે જેની સંજ્ઞા '''P''' અને [[અણુ ક્રમાંક]] '''૧૫''' છે. આ એક નયટ્રોજન સમૂહનો આ એક અધાતુ તત્વ છે તે પરિવર્તી બંધનાંક ધરાવે છે. પ્રાયઃ ફોસ્ફરસ તેની ખનિજમાં અજૈવિક સ્ત્રોતમાં ઓક્સિડાઈઝ્ડ સ્વરૂપે ફોસ્ફેટ ખડકોના સ્વરૂપે મળી આવે છે. ગંધક તત્વ તેન બે મુખ્ય સ્વરૂપે અસ્તિત્વ ધરાવે છે સફેદ કે પીળો ફોસ્ફરસ અને લાલ ફોસ્ફરસ. પરંતુ રાસાય્ણિક દ્રષ્ટીએ અત્યંત ક્રિયાશીલ હોવાને કારણે તે તેના શુદ્ધ સ્વરૂપે મળતો નથી.


In [[nature]], sulfur can be found as the pure element and as [[sulfide]] and [[sulfate]] minerals. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored [[polyhedron]] shapes. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, mentioned for its uses in [[ancient Greece]], [[ancient China|China]] and [[ancient Egypt|Egypt]]. Sulfur fumes were used as fumigants, and sulfur-containing medicinal mixtures were used as balms and antiparasitics. Sulfur is referenced in the [[Bible]] as '''brimstone''' in [[English language|English]], with this name still used in several nonscientific terms.<ref name=Greenwd/> Sulfur was considered important enough to receive its own [[alchemical symbol]]. It was needed to make the best quality of [[gunpowder|black gunpowder]], and the bright yellow powder was hypothesized by alchemists to contain some of the properties of gold, which they sought to synthesize from it. In 1777, [[Antoine Lavoisier]] helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was a basic element, rather than a compound.
પીળો ફોસ્ફરસ સૌ પ્રથમ ૧૬૬૯માં છૂટો પાડવામાં આવ્યો. આ ફોસ્ફરસ ઓક્સિ જનની હાજરીમાં ચળકે છે આને સ્ફૂરદીપ્તિ કે ફોસ્ફોરેસન્સ કહે છે. આ ઉપરથી આ તત્વને ગ્રીક દંતકથાના પાત્ર હેસ્પેરસનું નામ પ્રભાતનો તારો - શુક્ર (વિનસ) કે પ્રાકાશધરક એવું આપવામાં આવ્યું. જોકે ફોસ્ફોરેસન્સ નો અર્થ તો પ્રકાશ પછી ચળકવું એવો થાય છે. ફોસ્ફરસનો આ ગુણ ધર્મ માત્ર પીળા ફોસ્ફરસમાં જ જોવા મળે છે અને લાલમાં નહી>


Elemental sulfur was once extracted from [[salt dome]]s where it sometimes occurs in nearly pure form, but this method has been obsolete since the late 20th century. Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from [[natural gas]] and [[petroleum]]. The element's commercial uses are primarily in [[fertilizer]]s, because of the relatively high requirement of plants for it, and in the manufacture of [[sulfuric acid]], a primary industrial chemical. Other well-known uses for the element are in [[match]]es, [[insecticide]]s and [[fungicide]]s. Many sulfur compounds are odiferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to sulfur compounds. [[Hydrogen sulfide]] produced by living organisms imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes.
મોટાભાગના ફોસ્ફરસ સંયોજનોનો ઉપયોગ ખાતર તરીકે થાય છે. તે સિવાય ફોસ્ફરસના અન્ય મહત્વના ઉપયોગ છે : ડીટરજંટમાં ઓર્ગેનોફોસ્ફરસનો ઉપયોગ, કીટક નાશકમાં, ચેતાતંત્રની દવાઓમાં, માચિસ બનાવવામાં.<ref>Herbert Diskowski, Thomas Hofmann "Phosphorus" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a19_505}}</ref>


Sulfur is an [[essential element]] for all life, and is widely used in biochemical processes. In metabolic reactions, sulfur compounds serve as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. Sulfur in organic form is present in the vitamins [[biotin]] and [[thiamine]], the latter being named for the Greek word for sulfur. Sulfur is an important part of many enzymes and in antioxidant molecules like [[glutathione]] and [[thioredoxin]]. Organically bonded sulfur is a component of all proteins, as the [[amino acid]]s [[cysteine]] and [[methionine]]. [[Disulfide]] bonds are largely responsible for the mechanical strength and insolubility of the protein [[keratin]], found in outer skin, hair, and feathers, and the element contributes to their pungent odor when burned.
જીવન માટે ફોસ્ફરસ અત્યાવશ્યક છે. તે ફોસ્ફેટ્આ સ્વરૂપે ડી એન એ, આર એન એ અને એડિનોસિન ટ્રાય ફોસ્ફેટ અને કોષપટલ બનાવતા ફોસ્ફોલીપીડમાં હાજર હોય છે.ફોસ્ફરસ અને જીવન વચ્ચેનો અસંબંધ સ્થાપિત કરતો પ્રયોગ સ્વરૂપે માનવ મૂત્રમાંથી ફોસ્ફરસ સૌથી પ્રથમ છૂટું પડાયું હતું અને માનવ હાડકા પ્રાચીન કાળમાં ફોસ્ફેટનો મુખ્ય સ્ત્રોત હતાં. ફોસ્ફેટ ખનિજ એક રીતે જીવાશ્મિ જ હોય છે. અમુક જળીય કાર્ય પ્રણાલીઓના મર્યાદિત વિકાસનું કારણ ફોસ્ફેટની ઓછપ હોય છે. આજે ફોસ્ફરસ નો સૌથી મોપ્ટો વાણિજ્યીક ઉપયોગ રાસાયણિક ખાતરની નિર્મિતી છે. આવા ખાતર જમીનમાં વનસ્પતિ દ્વારા શોષાયેલા ફોસ્ફરસની આપૂર્તિ કરે છે.

==સંદર્ભો==
<references/>

૨૦:૫૩, ૮ ઓક્ટોબર ૨૦૧૧ સુધીનાં પુનરાવર્તન

Sulfur or sulphur (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈsʌlfər/ SUL-fər; see spelling below) is the chemical element with atomic number 16, represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. At normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid. Chemically, sulfur can react as either an oxidant or reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negatives charge in most organosulfur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, such as oxygen and fluorine.

In nature, sulfur can be found as the pure element and as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored polyhedron shapes. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, mentioned for its uses in ancient Greece, China and Egypt. Sulfur fumes were used as fumigants, and sulfur-containing medicinal mixtures were used as balms and antiparasitics. Sulfur is referenced in the Bible as brimstone in English, with this name still used in several nonscientific terms.[૧] Sulfur was considered important enough to receive its own alchemical symbol. It was needed to make the best quality of black gunpowder, and the bright yellow powder was hypothesized by alchemists to contain some of the properties of gold, which they sought to synthesize from it. In 1777, Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was a basic element, rather than a compound.

Elemental sulfur was once extracted from salt domes where it sometimes occurs in nearly pure form, but this method has been obsolete since the late 20th century. Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum. The element's commercial uses are primarily in fertilizers, because of the relatively high requirement of plants for it, and in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, a primary industrial chemical. Other well-known uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odiferous, and the smell of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic is due to sulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide produced by living organisms imparts the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological processes.

Sulfur is an essential element for all life, and is widely used in biochemical processes. In metabolic reactions, sulfur compounds serve as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. Sulfur in organic form is present in the vitamins biotin and thiamine, the latter being named for the Greek word for sulfur. Sulfur is an important part of many enzymes and in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin. Organically bonded sulfur is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids cysteine and methionine. Disulfide bonds are largely responsible for the mechanical strength and insolubility of the protein keratin, found in outer skin, hair, and feathers, and the element contributes to their pungent odor when burned.

  1. સંદર્ભ ત્રુટિ: અયોગ્ય <ref> ટેગ; Greenwdનામના સંદર્ભ માટે કોઈ પણ સામગ્રી નથી