નરેન્દ્ર મોદી

વિકિપીડિયાથી
સીધા આના પર જાવ: ભ્રમણ, શોધો
નરેન્દ્ર મોદી
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નરેન્દ્ર મોદી
જન્મની વિગત ૧૭ સપ્ટેમ્બર, ૧૯૫૦
વડનગર, મહેસાણા, ગુજરાત
રહેઠાણ ગાંધીનગર
રાષ્ટ્રીયતા ભારતીય
હુલામણું નામ નમો
નાગરીકતા ભારતીય
અભ્યાસ રાજકારણ વિજ્ઞાનમાં અનુસ્નાતક
વ્યવસાય જન પ્રતિનિધિ
વતન વડનગર
ખિતાબ મુખ્યમંત્રી
મુદત ૨૦૧૨
રાજકીય પક્ષ ભાજપા
ધર્મ હિન્દુ
જીવનસાથી અપરિણીત
વેબસાઇટ
http://www.narendramodi.in/


નરેન્દ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી (જન્મ: ૧૭ સપ્ટેમ્બર ૧૯૫૦) ગુજરાત રાજ્યના મુખ્ય મંત્રી છે. તેમણે ગુજરાત યુનિવર્સિટીમાંથી રાજકીય વિજ્ઞાનમાં અનુસ્નાતકની પદવી પ્રાપ્ત કરી છે. ઇ.સ. ૨૦૦૧ના વર્ષમાં પૂર્વ મુખ્ય મંત્રી કેશુભાઈ પટેલે રાજીનામું આપ્યા બાદ તેઓ ૭ ઓક્ટોબર ૨૦૦૧ના દિવસે મુખ્ય મંત્રી બન્યા હતા. વર્ષ ૨૦૦૭ની ચુંટણીમાં જંગી બહુમતીથી જીત્યા બાદ તેઓ ગુજરાત રાજ્યના ત્રીજી વખત ચુંટાઇ આવેલા એક માત્ર મુખ્યમંત્રી છે. તેઓ ગુજરાત ખાતે સૌથી લાંબો કાર્યકાળ ધરાવતા મુખ્ય મંત્રી છે. તેઓ હંમેશા કોઇક ને કોઇક કારણે અન્ય પક્ષોની નીંદાના ભોગ બનતા આવ્યા છે. તેમણે સરદાર સરોવર યોજનાના વિકાસ માટે અને નર્મદા નદી પરના બંધની ઉંચાઇ તબક્કાવાર વધારવા માટે ઘણા પ્રયત્નો કર્યા છે અને તેમના આ પ્રયત્નોને પરિણામે આજે સૌરાષ્ટ્ર સુધી નર્મદાનું જળ પહોંચ્યું છે તથા અમદાવાદ શહેરમાં પીવાના પાણી તરીકે નળમાં નર્મદાનાં જળ વહેતાં થયાં છે. તેમણે ગુજરાતના વિકાસમાં અભુતપૂર્વ યોગદાન આપ્યું છે.

અનુક્રમણિકા

[ફેરફાર કરો] અંગત જીવન

મોદીનો જન્મ વડનગરનાં એક મધ્યમ વર્ગના પરીવારમા થયો હતો જે તે સમયે ભારતનાં મુંબઇ રાજ્યમાં આવતું હતુ. સાઠના દશકમાં તેમણે યુવાવસ્થામાં ભારત-પાક યુધ્ધ દરમ્યાન રેલ્વે સ્ટેશનના માર્ગ પર સૈનિકોની સેવા કરી હતી(સંદર્ભ આપો). ૧૯૬૭માં તેમણે ગુજરાતમાં રેલ પ્રભાવિત લોકોની સેવા કરી હતી. યુવાન વયે જ તેઓ અખિલ ભારતીય વિધાર્થી પરિષદ સાથે જોડાઈ ગયા હતા. તેઓએ નવનિર્માણ અંદોલનમાં સક્રિય ભાગ ભજવ્યો હતો. ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટીના પાયાના કાર્યકર તરીકેનો કાર્યભાર બહું જ સુપેરે સાંભળી લેતા એમને ભારતીય જનતા પક્ષના નેતા તરીકે આગળ વધાર્યા હતા.વિદ્યાર્થીકાળ દરમ્યાન તેઓ ‘અખિલ ભારતીય વિદ્યાર્થી પરિષદ’ નામની વિદ્યાર્થીઓ માટેની બનેલી સંસ્થામાં જોડાયા હતા. ત્યારબાદ ભ્રષ્ટાચાર વિરોધી અભિયાન ‘નવ નિર્માણ ’માં જોડાયા. અખિલ ભારતીય વિદ્યાર્થી પરિષદમાં સંપૂર્ણ સમયના કાર્યકર તરીકે જોડાયા પછી તેમને ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી (ભાજપા)ના પ્રતિનિધિ તરીકે પસંદ કરવામાં આવ્યા હતા. તેમણે ભારતમાં સામાજીક અને સાંસ્કૃતિક વિકાસના કાર્ય સાથે સંકળાયેલી સંસ્થા રાષ્ટ્રીય સ્વયંસેવક સંઘ સાથે જોડાઈને પણ કાર્ય કર્યું છે. નરેન્દ્ર મોદીએ શાળાકીય અભ્યાસ વડનગરમાં પૂર્ણ કરેલો છે. તેઓ ગુજરાત યુનિવર્સિટીમાંથી રાજયશાસ્ત્ર વિષય સાથે અનુસ્નાતક થયા હતા. તે એક સારા લેખક તરીકે પણ જાણીતા છે, તેમના લખાયેલા ઘણા પુસ્તકો પ્રસિદ્ધ પણ થયા છે. તેઓ સંભવત: ગુજરાતના પહેલા અપરણિત મુખ્યમંત્રી છે.

[ફેરફાર કરો] પ્રારંભિક પ્રવૃત્તિઓ અને રાજકારણ

During his tenure with the RSS, Modi played several important roles on various occasions including the 1974 anti-corruption agitation and the harrowing 19-month (June 1975 to January 1977) long ‘Emergency (India)’,declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, when the fundamental rights of Indian citizens were strangled. Modi kept the spirit of democracy alive by going underground for the entire period and fighting a spirited battle against the fascist ways of the then central government(સંદર્ભ આપો). Modi was a Pracharak in the RSS during his university years.[૧][૨]

He entered mainstream politics in 1987 by joining the BJP(સંદર્ભ આપો). Just within a year, he was elevated to the level of General Secretary of the Gujarat unit. By that time he had already acquired a reputation for being a highly efficient organizer(સંદર્ભ આપો). He took up the challenging task of energizing the party cadres in right earnest. In partnership with Shankarsingh Vaghela, Modi set about creating a strong cadre base in Gujarat. In the initial period, Shankarsingh Vaghela was seen as a mass leader, while Modi was recognised as a master strategist.

The party started gaining political mileage and formed a coalition government at the centre in April 1990. This partnership fell apart within a few months, but the BJP came to power with a two-thirds majority on its own in Gujarat in 1995. Since then, the BJP has been governing Gujarat.

Between 1988 and 1995, Modi was recognized as a master strategist who had successfully gained the necessary groundwork for making the Gujarat BJP the ruling party of the state(સંદર્ભ આપો). During this period, Modi was entrusted with the responsibility of organizing two crucial national events, the Somnath to Ayodhya Rath Yatra (a political rally through India on a converted Toyota van) of L.K. Advani and a similar march from Kanyakumari (the southernmost part of India) to Kashmir in the North. The ascent of the BJP to power at New Delhi in 1998 has been attributed to these two highly successful events, substantially handled by Modi(સંદર્ભ આપો). After the exit of Shankarsingh Vaghela from the BJP, Keshubhai Patel was made Chief Minister while Narendra Modi was sent to delhi as a General Secretary of the Party. This was allegedly done at the behest of Keshubhai to keep Modi from stirring trouble.

In 1995, Modi was appointed the National Secretary of the party and given the charge of five major states in India – a rare distinction for a young leader(સંદર્ભ આપો). In 1998, he was promoted as the General Secretary (Organization), a post he held until October 2001. In 2001, Narendra Modi was chosen by the party to be the Chief Minister of Gujarat after the removal of chief minister Keshubhai Patel in a backroom coup.

During his stint at the national level, Modi was given the responsibility to oversee the affairs of several state level units, including the sensitive and crucial state of Jammu and Kashmir and the equally sensitive north-eastern states. He was responsible for revamping the party organization in several states(સંદર્ભ આપો). While working at the national level, Modi emerged as an important spokesman for the party and played a key role on several important occasions.

[ફેરફાર કરો] મુખ્યમંત્રી તરીકેનો કાર્યકાળ

In October 2001, he was called upon by the party to lead the Government in Gujarat. When the Modi government was sworn in on 7 October 2001, the economy of Gujarat was reeling under the adverse effects of several natural calamities, including a massive earthquake in January 2001. However Modi, a master strategist, who was enriched by national and international exposure and experience, decided to take the bull by its horns.

He is believed to be a protégé of Lal Krishna Advani, who is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party himself. Advani has praised Modi on numerous occasions, referring to him as "a leader who, after being subjected to a malicious and prolonged campaign of vilification, has been able to impress even his critics with his determination, single-minded focus, integrity and a wide array of achievements in a relatively short time."[૩]

[ફેરફાર કરો] ગુજરાત ભુકંપ

The biggest challenge which he had to face, when he took over as the Chief Minster, was the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the areas affected by the massive Gujarat Earthquake of January 2001. Bhuj was a city of rubble and thousands of people were living in temporary shelters without any basic infrastructure. Today Bhuj is proof of how Modi has turned adversity into an opportunity for holistic development. In this critical situation, Modi is credited with starting immediate work to re-organize and stimulate the local economy.[૪] Modi made an international record of restoration of 876618 houses in just 500 days(સંદર્ભ આપો). For Narendra Modi's outstanding contribution for disaster management and rehabilitation, on 16-10-2003 Gujarat govt got UN Sasakawa Certificate of Merit for outstanding work in the field of disaster management and risk reduction.[૫]

[ફેરફાર કરો] ગુજરાત હિંસા

ફેબ્રુઆરી ૨૦૦૨ નાં કોમી રમખાણમાં સમગ્ર રાજ્યના લગભગ ૧૦૦૦ લોકો હિંસા નો ભોગ બન્યા. માનવ અધિકાર જૂથો અને એનજીઓ દ્વારા કરાયેલા અભ્યાસમાં આ આંકડો લગભગ ૨૦૦૦ ને પાર છે. સત્તાવાર આંકડા પ્રમાણે ૭૯૦ મુસ્લિમો અને ૨૫૪ હિંદુઓ ની હત્યા કરવામાં આવી હતી, ૨૨૩ લોકોના ગુમ થયાનો એહવાલ હતો અને ૨,૫૦૦ ઘાયલ થયા હતા.[૬] હુલ્લડનું કારણ ગોધરા ટ્રેન રમખાણ માનવામાં આવે છે જેમાં લગભગ ૫૩ હિંદુ કાર સેવકોને કથિત મુસ્લિમ જૂથ દ્વારા જીવંત બાળવામાં આવેલા.[૭][૮] ૨૦૦૪ માં રેલ્વે પ્રધાન લાલુ પ્રસાદ યાદવ દ્વારા સ્થપાયેલી બેનર્જી સમિતિએ ૨૦૦૬ નાં એહવાલમાં જણાવ્યું કે ૨૭ ફેબ્રુઆરી ૨૦૦૨ નાં રોજ સાબરમતી એક્ષ્પ્રેસ્સ નાં એસ-૬ કોચ માં જે આગ લાગી તેનું કારણ તેમાં ખોરાક રાંધતા લોકો હતા અને તે બનાવમાં કોઈ પ્રકારની મુસ્લિમ સંડોવણી ન હતી.[૯][૧૦] ત્યાર બાદ ગુજરાત હાઈ કોર્ટ દ્વારા બેનરજી સમિતિ ગેરકાયદેસર જાહેર કરવામાં આવી હતી. પછી નાણાવટી સમિતિએ આ ઘટના ને 'પૂર્વ આયોજિત કાવતરું' કહ્યું અને નરેન્દ્ર મોદી ને ક્લીન ચીટ આપી[૧૧]સુપ્રિમ કોર્ટે રચેલી સ્પેશિયલ ઈન્વેસ્ટીગેશન ટીમ (સીટ)એ ૨૦૦૨માં થયેલા કોમી રમખાણોમાં પોતાની બંધારણીય ફરજોને આધિન રહીને આ તોફાનો ડામવામાં નિષ્કાળજી દાખવી હોવાના આરોપોમાંથી તેમને ડિસેમ્બર ૨૦૧૦માં મુક્ત કર્યા.[૧૨]

[ફેરફાર કરો] રાજકિય પડતી

As an aftermath of the riots, there were calls for Modi to resign from his position as chief minister of Gujarat. The opposition parties stalled the national parliament over the issue. Even Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and Telugu Desam Party (TDP), allies of the BJP, asked for Modi's resignation.[૧૩][૧૪] Modi submitted his resignation to the Governor and recommended the dissolution of the 10th Gujarat Legislative Assembly.[૧૫][૧૬] In the following state re-elections the BJP, led by Modi, won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.

The United States revoked a visa for Modi the following year. He was cited for responsibility for violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.[૧૭]

In April 2009, India's Supreme Court appointed a special team of investigators to look into the role Modi had played in the alleged anti-Muslim conspiracy.The team was appointed in response to the complaint of Jakia Jafri, the widow of ex-Congress MP Ehsan Jafri, who was murdered in the riots.[૧૮]

[ફેરફાર કરો] ૨૦૦૭ની ચૂંટણી

Modi's 2007 election campaign was marked with some passionate speeches reflecting his vision for Gujarat and his aggressive leadership. One such speech was given at Magrol in response of Sonia Gandhi's speech calling him a "merchant of death",[૧૯] and referred to Sohrabuddin's killing. For this speech the Election Commission of India, a constitutional body governing election proceedings in India, cautioned Modi as it considered it as indulging in an activity which may aggravate existing differences between different communities. However, a similar procedure was not brought against Sonia Gandhi causing a lot of furore in Modi's supporters.[૨૦]

[ફેરફાર કરો] ગુજરાતનો વિકાસ

Modi took charge of Gujarat when its economy was shrinking and the domestic growth was stagnant.[૨૧] Faced with massive economic losses, he re-organised the government's administrative structure and embarked upon a massive cost-cutting exercise.[૨૨] As a result of his elaborate efforts, Gujarat registered a GDP growth rate of over 10% during his first tenure. This was the highest growth rate among all the Indian states.[૨૩]

As a Chief Minister, Modi concretely put to practice his envisaged Gujarat by means of various yojana.[૨૪] This includes Panchamrut Yojana,[૨૫][૨૬][૨૭] a five-pronged strategy for an integrated development of the state, Sujalam Sufalam, a scheme to create a grid of water resources in Gujarat in an innovative step towards water conservation and its appropriate utilization.

  • Krishi Mahotsav – agricultural research labs for the land
  • Chiranjeevi Yojana – to reduce infant mortality rate
  • Matru Vandana – providing preventive and curative services under the Reproductive and Child Health Programme
  • Beti Bachao – campaign to protect baby girls to improve sex ratio
  • Jyotigram Yojana – to electrify every village
  • Karmayogi Abhiyan – to educate and train government employee
  • Kanya Kalavani Yojana – to encourage the education of girls
  • Balbhog Yojana – for midday meal for students

[ફેરફાર કરો] આતંકવાદ વિષે

On 18 July 2006 Modi delivered a speech criticizing Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislations" like the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the Centre to empower states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the blasts in Mumbai.[૨૮] Quoting Modi:

Terrorism is worse than a war. A terrorist has no rules. A terrorist decides when, how, where and whom to kill. India has lost more people in terror attacks than in its wars.[૨૮]

Narendra Modi has frequently commented that if the BJP came to power at the Centre, they will honor the 2004 Supreme Court judgement to hang Afzal Guru.[૨૯] Afzal was convicted of terrorism in the 2001 Indian Parliament attack in 2004 by the Supreme Court of India and is in Tihar Jail.[૩૦]

During the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, on Thursday 27 November, Narendra Modi held a meeting to discuss waterfront security along the coastline.[૩૧] At the conclusion of the meeting, it was decided that a number of steps be taken to improve security:

  • Increase the number of police stations along the coast to 50 (from 10)
  • Increase the number of police to 1500 from 250
  • 30 modern high-speed surveillance boats.

[ફેરફાર કરો] ૨૦૦૯ની લોકસભા ચૂંટણી

Although the BJP narrowly managed to win majority of the seats in Gujrat, the loss of the Rajkot seat, after almost 20 years of control, was unexpected. Prominent politicians like Sharad Yadav commented that the BJP's projection of Modi as a future Prime Minister affected its performance in the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.[૩૨] 'A confidential report, prepared by the BJP on the reasons for the party's humiliating defeat in the 2009 Lok Sabha election, has blamed Modi' among many Indian politicians and other factors'. Furthermore BJP criticism of Modi worries Gujarat leaders[૩૩][૩૪]

[ફેરફાર કરો] પુરસ્કારો અને ઓળખ

  • 30 January 2006 – In a nationwide survey conducted by India Today, Narendra Modi was declared the Best Chief Minister of the country.[૩૫]
  • 5 February 2007 – Adjudged the best CM for the third time in the nationwide survey conducted by India Today – ORG Marg, a unique achievement for any CM during a 5-year tenure.
  • 25 August 2009 – Chosen as The Asian Winner of the fDi Personality of the Year Awards for 2009 by fDi Magazine.[૩૬]

[ફેરફાર કરો] વિકાસનાં મુદ્દા વિષે તેમની પ્રશંસા

Vice-chancellor of Darul Uloom, Deoband, Maulana Ghulam Mohammed Vastanvi, gave a clean chit to Gujarat chief minister Narendra Modi over the post-Godhra communal riots and the treatment meted out to the Muslim community thereafter. He also stated that the Muslim community of Gujarat is most prosperous compared to that in any other state in India.[૩૭] Haryana finance and forests minister Ajay Singh Yadav, who belongs to the rival Congress Party lauded Narendra Modi for its agriculture policy and development track record.[૩૮]

[ફેરફાર કરો] સંદર્ભ

  1. "Modi proves to be an astute strategist". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 23 December 2007. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200712231550.htm. 
  2. "Profile: Narendra Modi". BBC News. December 23, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1958555.stm. Retrieved on May 19, 2010. 
  3. "Gujarat CM Modi, is a role model". Press Trust of India. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=65801. Retrieved on 2007-11-16. 
  4. Modi for early revival of Kutch economy The Hindu - 21 October 2007
  5. http://www.unisdr.org/eng/sasakawa/2003/sk-2003-achivements.pdf
  6. "Gujarat riot death toll revealed". London: BBC News. 11 May 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm. Retrieved on 2006-04-15. 
  7. Khanna, Rajeev (26 February 2003). "Godhra's bitter harvest". London: BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2802591.stm. Retrieved on 7 September 2009. 
  8. "III. MASSACRES IN GODHRA AND AHMEDABAD". Human Rights Watch. http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/india/India0402-02.htm#P241_39157. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  9. "Godhra was an accident, reiterates Banerjee". India News Online. September 25, 2008. http://news.indiamart.com/news-analysis/godhra-train-fire-ac-11837.html. Retrieved on September 7, 2009. 
  10. "Godhra was an accident, reiterates Banerjee". Expressindia. September 25, 2008. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Godhra-was-an-accident-reiterates-Banerjee/365855/. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  11. "Truth brought out by Nanavati Commission: Modi". PTI. DNA. September 26, 2008. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1193463. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  12. Mahapatra, Dhananjay (3 December 2010). "SIT clears Narendra Modi of wilfully allowing post-Godhra riots". The Times Of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SIT-clears-Narendra-Modi-of-wilfully-allowing-post-Godhra-riots/articleshow/7031569.cms#ixzz1721JAJuI. 
  13. "Gujarat Cabinet puts off decision on elections". The Tribune. 2002. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020418/main1.htm. Retrieved on 2006-05-09. 
  14. "Congress demands Modi's resignation over Bannerjee report". United News of India. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/03godhra.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. 
  15. "Modi resigns; seeks Assembly dissolution". The Hindu. 2002. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/07/20/stories/2002072002640100.htm. Retrieved on 2006-05-09. 
  16. "Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi resigns; assembly dissolved". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/19guj.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. 
  17. Krittivas Mukherjee (27 February 2007). "Five years on, India's "modern-day Nero" prospers". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSDEL71643. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  18. Mahapatra, Dhananjay (2009-07-31). "SC rejects Modi govt's plea to stall SIT probes". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India/SC-not-to-stall-probe-on-02-riots/articleshow/4839947.cms. Retrieved on 2009-08-25. 
  19. Sonia's 'merchants of death' was aimed at Modi: Cong
  20. Election Commission Official Notice to Mr.Narendra Modi
  21. Laveesh Bhandari (October 15, 2007). "Riots+economic growth=?". Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/story/228419.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  22. Chief Minister – Government of Gujarat
  23. How to achieve 10% GDP growth Rediff - 16 March 2006
  24. Gujarat progress under Narendra Modi
  25. "Modi invites investment in Gujarat". Press Trust of India. Expressindia. January 11, 2003. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=18327. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  26. "Modi Steals The Show At Pravasi Divas". The Financial Express. January 12, 2003. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/modi-steals-the-show-at-pravasi-divas/67951/0. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  27. "With Panchamrut, Modi targets 10.2% Growth". The Financial Express. June 9, 2003. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/with-panchamrut-modi-targets-10.2-growth/81673/. Retrieved on April 5, 2009. 
  28. ૨૮.૦ ૨૮.૧ "Mahatma on lips, Modi fights Centre". The Telegraph. 19 July 2006. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060719/asp/nation/story_6496620.asp. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  29. Now, Amar Singh says Afzal Guru must be hanged
  30. Indo-Asian News Service - Afzal Guru's guilty verdict
  31. Modi wants 3-layer ring to secure coast
  32. "SIT begins probe into complaint against Modi". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 27 May 2009. http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/27/stories/2009052755431100.htm. 
  33. BJP Criticism of Modi worries Gujarati leaders
  34. [૧]
  35. "Making Up For Lost Time". India Today. http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070212/nation1.html. Retrieved on 2006-02-12. 
  36. "Modi wins fDi personality of the year award". Sify. http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jiznt2hiece&tag=topnews&title=Modi_wins_fDi_personality_of_the_year_award. Retrieved on 2009-08-25. 
  37. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hail-Modi-by-Darul-Uloom-VC/articleshow/7329864.cms
  38. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Yadav-is-all-praise-for-Mayawati-after-Modi/articleshow/7316231.cms


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