ગુરુના ચંદ્રો
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ગુરુનો ગ્રહ કુલ ૬૭ ઉપગ્રહો ધરાવે છે, જેને 'ગુરુના ચંદ્રો' તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે, કેમકે પૃથ્વીના ઉપગ્રહને આપણે ચંદ્ર કહીએ છીએ.
ચંદ્રો અને વિગતો[ફેરફાર કરો]
The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to Earth's Moon. The four inner moons are much smaller. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray when prograde and dark gray when retrograde.
ક્રમ [note ૧] |
લેબલ (વર્ગ) [note ૨] |
નામ |
ઉચ્ચાર (key) |
છબી | વ્યાસ (km)[note ૩] |
દળ (×૧૦16 kg) |
અર્ધ મુખ્ય ધરી (કિ.મી.)[૧] |
ભ્રમણ સમય (દિવસ)[૧][note ૪] |
ત્રાંસ (°)[૧] |
ઉત્કેન્દ્રતા [૨] |
શોધ વર્ષ[૩] |
શોધક[૩] | સમુદાય [note ૫] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
૧ | XVI | મીટિસ | ˈmiːtɨs | 60 × 40 × 34 | ≈ 3.6 | 127690 | +7h 4m 29s | 0.06°[૪] | 0.00002 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) |
Inner | |
૨ | XV | ઍડ્રાસ્ટીયા | ædrəˈstiːə | 20 × 16 × 14 | ≈ 0.2 | 128690 | +7h 9m 30s | 0.03°[૪] | 0.0015 | 1979 | Jewitt (Voyager 2) |
Inner | |
૩ | V | ઍમાલ્થીયા | æməlˈθiːə | 250 × 146 × 128 (167±4.0) |
208 | 181366 | +11h 57m 23s | 0.374°[૪] | 0.0032 | 1892 | Barnard | Inner | |
૪ | XIV | થીબી | ˈθiːbiː | 116 × 98 × 84 | ≈ 43 | 221889 | +16h 11m 17s | 1.076°[૪] | 0.0175 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) |
Inner | |
૫ | I | આઈઓ | ˈaɪ.oʊ | 3660.0 × 3637.4 × 3630.6 |
8931900 | 421700 | +1.7691 | 0.050°[૪] | 0.0041 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilean | |
૬ | II | યુરોપા | jʊˈroʊpə | 3121.6 | 4800000 | 671034 | +3.5512 | 0.471°[૪] | 0.0094 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilean | |
૭ | III | ગૅનીમીડ | ˈɡænɨmiːd | 5262.4 | 14819000 | 1070412 | +7.1546 | 0.204°[૪] | 0.0011 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilean | |
૮ | IV | કેલિસ્ટો | kəˈlɪstoʊ | 4820.6 | 10759000 | 1882709 | +16.689 | 0.205°[૪] | 0.0074 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilean | |
૯ | XVIII | થેમિસ્ટો | θɨˈmɪstoʊ | 8 | 0.069 | 7393216 | +129.87 | 45.762° | 0.2115 | 1975/2000 | Kowal & Roemer/ Sheppard et al. |
Themisto | |
૧૦ | XIII | લીડા | ˈliːdə | 16 | 0.6 | 11187781 | +240.82 | 27.562° | 0.1673 | 1974 | Kowal | Himalia | |
૧૧ | VI | હિમાલિયા | haɪˈmeɪliə | 170 | 670 | 11451971 | +250.23 | 30.486° | 0.1513 | 1904 | Perrine | Himalia | |
૧૨ | X | Lysithea | laɪˈsɪθiːə | 36 | 6.3 | 11740560 | +259.89 | 27.006° | 0.1322 | 1938 | Nicholson | Himalia | |
૧૩ | VII | Elara | ˈɛlərə | 86 | 87 | 11778034 | +257.62 | 29.691° | 0.1948 | 1905 | Perrine | Himalia | |
૧૪ | — | S/2000 J 11 | 4 | 0.0090 | 12570424 | +287.93 | 27.584° | 0.2058 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Himalia? | ||
૧૫ | XLVI | Carpo | ˈkɑrpoʊ | 3 | 0.0045 | 17144873 | +458.62 | 56.001° | 0.2735 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carpo | |
૧૬ | — | S/2003 J 12 | 1 | 0.00015 | 17739539 | −482.69 | 142.680° | 0.4449 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ? | ||
૧૭ | XXXIV | Euporie | juːˈpɒrɨ.iː | 2 | 0.0015 | 19088434 | −538.78 | 144.694° | 0.0960 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૧૮ | — | S/2003 J 3 | 2 | 0.0015 | 19621780 | −561.52 | 146.363° | 0.2507 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | ||
૧૯ | — | S/2003 J 18 | 2 | 0.0015 | 19812577 | −569.73 | 147.401° | 0.1569 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Ananke | ||
૨૦ | — | S/2011 J 1 | 1 | – | 20155290 | −582.22 | 162.8° | 0.2963 | 2011 | Sheppard et al. | ? | ||
૨૧ | — | S/2010 J 2 | 1 | 20307150 | −588.36 | 150.4° | 0.307 | 2010 | Veillet | Ananke? | |||
૨૨ | XLII | Thelxinoe | θɛlkˈsɪnɵʊiː | 2 | 0.0015 | 20453753 | −597.61 | 151.292° | 0.2684 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૩ | XXXIII | Euanthe | juːˈænθiː | 3 | 0.0045 | 20464854 | −598.09 | 143.409° | 0.2000 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૪ | XLV | Helike | ˈhɛlɨkiː | 4 | 0.0090 | 20540266 | −601.40 | 154.586° | 0.1374 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૫ | XXXV | Orthosie | ɔrˈθɒsɨ.iː | 2 | 0.0015 | 20567971 | −602.62 | 142.366° | 0.2433 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૬ | XXIV | Iocaste | aɪ.ɵˈkæstiː | 5 | 0.019 | 20722566 | −609.43 | 147.248° | 0.2874 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૭ | — | S/2003 J 16 | 2 | 0.0015 | 20743779 | −610.36 | 150.769° | 0.3184 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Ananke | ||
૨૮ | XXVII | Praxidike | prækˈsɪdɨkiː | 7 | 0.043 | 20823948 | −613.90 | 144.205° | 0.1840 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૨૯ | XXII | Harpalyke | hɑrˈpælɨkiː | 4 | 0.012 | 21063814 | −624.54 | 147.223° | 0.2440 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૩૦ | XL | Mneme | ˈniːmiː | 2 | 0.0015 | 21129786 | −627.48 | 149.732° | 0.3169 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Ananke | |
૩૧ | XXX | Hermippe | hərˈmɪpiː | 4 | 0.0090 | 21182086 | −629.81 | 151.242° | 0.2290 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke? | |
૩૨ | XXIX | Thyone | θaɪˈoʊniː | 4 | 0.0090 | 21405570 | −639.80 | 147.276° | 0.2525 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke | |
૩૩ | XII | Ananke | əˈnæŋkiː | 28 | 3.0 | 21454952 | −640.38 | 151.564° | 0.3445 | 1951 | Nicholson | Ananke | |
૩૪ | L | Herse | ˈhɜrsiː | 2 | 0.0015 | 22134306 | −672.75 | 162.490° | 0.2379 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Carme | |
૩૫ | XXXI | Aitne | ˈaɪtniː | 3 | 0.0045 | 22285161 | −679.64 | 165.562° | 0.3927 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
36 | XXXVII | Kale | ˈkeɪliː | 2 | 0.0015 | 22409207 | −685.32 | 165.378° | 0.2011 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
37 | XX | Taygete | teɪˈɪdʒɨtiː | 5 | 0.016 | 22438648 | −686.67 | 164.890° | 0.3678 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
38 | — | S/2003 J 19 | 2 | 0.0015 | 22709061 | −699.12 | 164.727° | 0.1961 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | Carme | ||
39 | XXI | Chaldene | kælˈdiːniː | 4 | 0.0075 | 22713444 | −699.33 | 167.070° | 0.2916 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
40 | — | S/2003 J 15 | 2 | 0.0015 | 22720999 | −699.68 | 141.812° | 0.0932 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Ananke? | ||
41 | — | S/2003 J 10 | 2 | 0.0015 | 22730813 | −700.13 | 163.813° | 0.3438 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carme? | ||
42 | — | S/2003 J 23 | 2 | 0.0015 | 22739654 | −700.54 | 148.849° | 0.3930 | 2004 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | ||
43 | XXV | Erinome | ɨˈrɪnɵmiː | 3 | 0.0045 | 22986266 | −711.96 | 163.737° | 0.2552 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
44 | XLI | Aoede | eɪˈiːdiː | 4 | 0.0090 | 23044175 | −714.66 | 160.482° | 0.6011 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
45 | XLIV | Kallichore | kəˈlɪkɵriː | 2 | 0.0015 | 23111823 | −717.81 | 164.605° | 0.2041 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carme? | |
46 | XXIII | Kalyke | ˈkælɨkiː | 5 | 0.019 | 23180773 | −721.02 | 165.505° | 0.2139 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
47 | XI | Carme | ˈkɑrmiː | 46 | 13 | 23197992 | −763.95 | 165.047° | 0.2342 | 1938 | Nicholson | Carme | |
48 | XVII | Callirrhoe | kəˈlɪrɵʊiː | 9 | 0.087 | 23214986 | −727.11 | 139.849° | 0.2582 | 2000 | Spahr, Scotti | Pasiphaë | |
49 | XXXII | Eurydome | jʊˈrɪdəmiː | 3 | 0.0045 | 23230858 | −723.36 | 149.324° | 0.3769 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë? | |
50 | — | S/2011 J 2 | 1 | – | 23329710 | −725.06 | 151.8° | 0.3867 | 2011 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë? | ||
51 | XXXVIII | Pasithee | pəˈsɪθɨ.iː | 2 | 0.0015 | 23307318 | −726.93 | 165.759° | 0.3288 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
52 | — | S/2010 J 1 | 2 | 23314335 | −722.83 | 163.2° | 0.320 | 2010 | Jacobson et al. | Pasiphaë? | |||
53 | XLIX | Kore | ˈkɔəriː | 2 | 0.0015 | 23345093 | −776.02 | 137.371° | 0.1951 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
54 | XLVIII | Cyllene | sɨˈliːniː | 2 | 0.0015 | 23396269 | −731.10 | 140.148° | 0.4115 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
55 | XLVII | Eukelade | juːˈkɛlədiː | 4 | 0.0090 | 23483694 | −735.20 | 163.996° | 0.2828 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
56 | — | S/2003 J 4 | 2 | 0.0015 | 23570790 | −739.29 | 147.175° | 0.3003 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | ||
57 | VIII | Pasiphaë | pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː | 60 | 30 | 23609042 | −739.80 | 141.803° | 0.3743 | 1908 | Melotte | Pasiphaë | |
58 | XXXIX | Hegemone | hɨˈdʒɛməniː | 3 | 0.0045 | 23702511 | −745.50 | 152.506° | 0.4077 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
59 | XLIII | Arche | ˈɑrkiː | 3 | 0.0045 | 23717051 | −746.19 | 164.587° | 0.1492 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
60 | XXVI | Isonoe | aɪˈsɒnɵʊiː | 4 | 0.0075 | 23800647 | −750.13 | 165.127° | 0.1775 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | |
61 | — | S/2003 J 9 | 1 | 0.00015 | 23857808 | −752.84 | 164.980° | 0.2761 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | ||
62 | — | S/2003 J 5 | 4 | 0.0090 | 23973926 | −758.34 | 165.549° | 0.3070 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carme | ||
63 | IX | Sinope | sɨˈnoʊpiː | 38 | 7.5 | 24057865 | −739.33 | 153.778° | 0.2750 | 1914 | Nicholson | Pasiphaë | |
64 | XXXVI | Sponde | ˈspɒndiː | 2 | 0.0015 | 24252627 | −771.60 | 154.372° | 0.4431 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
65 | XXVIII | Autonoe | ɔːˈtɒnɵʊiː | 4 | 0.0090 | 24264445 | −772.17 | 151.058° | 0.3690 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
66 | XIX | Megaclite | mɛɡəˈklaɪtiː | 5 | 0.021 | 24687239 | −792.44 | 150.398° | 0.3077 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | Pasiphaë | |
67 | — | S/2003 J 2 | 2 | 0.0015 | 30290846 | −1077.02 | 153.521° | 0.1882 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ? |
નોંધ[ફેરફાર કરો]
- ↑ Order refers to the position among other moons with respect to their average distance from Jupiter.
- ↑ Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their naming.
- ↑ Diameters with multiple entries such as "60 × 40 × 34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.
- ↑ Periods with negative values are retrograde.
- ↑ "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.
સંદર્ભો[ફેરફાર કરો]
- ↑ ૧.૦ ૧.૧ ૧.૨ "Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane
Check date values in:|accessdate=
(મદદ) - ↑ Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Departament of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28. Check date values in:
|accessdate=
(મદદ) - ↑ ૩.૦ ૩.૧ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02. Check date values in:
|accessdate=, |date=
(મદદ) - ↑ ૪.૦ ૪.૧ ૪.૨ ૪.૩ ૪.૪ ૪.૫ ૪.૬ ૪.૭ Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-31.