અર્જુન
વિકિપીડિયા થી
અર્જુન(સંસ્કૃત: अर्जुन) એ મહાભારતના મહાનાયકમાંના એક હતા. અર્જુનનો અર્થ 'ઉજ્વળ', 'ચમકતું' કે 'ચાંદી' એવો થાય છે. તેની ગણના કર્ણ તથા એકલવ્યની જેમ સર્વશ્રેષ્ઠ ધનુર્ધર તરીકે થાય છે. કુંતીપુત્ર તથા વાસુદેવ શ્રી કૃષ્ણનો મિત્ર હોવાની સાથે પાંચ પાંડવોમા અર્જુન ત્રીજો હતો.
દ્રશ્ય-શ્રાવ્ય_(મિડિયા):Example.ogg==જીવન==
અર્જુન કે પાર્થ એ મહાન ધનુર્ધર હતો. Arjuna or Pārtha was a master archer and played a central role in the conflict between the Pandavas and their adversaries, the sons of Dhritarashtra known as the Kauravas. To begin with, Arjuna was reluctant to take part in battle because of the slaughter he knew he would cause in the enemy ranks, which included many of his own relatives. He was persuaded by his charioteer and close friend Lord Krishna, to change his mind. Their dialogue about issues involved in war—courage, a warrior’s duty, the nature of human life and the soul, and the role of Gods—forms the subject of the Bhagavad Gita, one of the key episodes in the epic Mahābhārata. He also played the key role in killing Karna, his arch-rival, in reality an unknown brother, on the side of the Kauravas.
It is asserted by some sources that the legend of "Ārash, the Parthian Archer" in Persian mythology bears some resemblance to that of Arjuna; this is cited by some as being reminiscent of a shared Indo-Iranian heritage. However, Arjuna is an integral part of the Mahābhārata and one of its lead characters. The other central characters in the story are not mentioned in the story of Arash. Lastly, Indian scientists have discovered what they claim to be Dwaraka, or Krishna's city, indicating that the Mahābhārata may indeed have a link to actual events in Indian history, as opposed to being a mythological tale. [૧]
He bears a total of ten names: Arjuna, Phalguna, Jishnu, Kiriti, Shwetvaahana, Vibhatsu, Vijaya, Pārtha, Savyasachi, and Dhananjaya. When he is asked to say his ten names as a proof of his identity:
અનુક્રમણિકા |
[ફેરફાર કરો] જન્મ
Pandu was unable to sire a child. His first wife Kunti had, in her maiden days, received a boon from sage Durvasa, which enabled her to invoke any deity of her choice and beget a child by such deity. Pandu and Kunti decided to make use of this boon; Kunti invoked in turn Yama Dharmaraja, Vayu and Indra and gave birth to three sons. Arjuna was the third son, born of Indra, king of the demi gods (devas).
[ફેરફાર કરો] વ્યક્તિત્વ
Arjuna is depicted as a wholesome and well-rounded personality, a healthy mind in a healthy body, a person whom any mother, wife and friend would cherish and be proud of. The son of Indra, Arjuna is said to have been well-built and extremely handsome; he married four times, as detailed here. Arjuna was also true and loyal to his friends (his best friend was the great warrior Satyaki); he enjoyed a life-long rapport with his cousin and brother-in-law, Sri Krishna. He was also sensitive and thoughtful, as demonstrated by his misgivings about the Kurukshetra war, which caused Sri Krishna to impart the Gita to him. His sense of duty was acute; he once chose to go into exile rather than refuse to help a brahmin subject, a story detailed elsewhere.
[ફેરફાર કરો] શ્રેષ્ઠ વિદ્યાર્થી
It is as a warrior that Arjuna is best known. The foundation for his career as a warrior was laid young; Arjun was an outstanding and diligent student, learning everything that his guru Dronacharya could teach him, and early attaining the status of "Maharathi" or outstanding warrior. Guru Dronaachaarya once decided to test his students. He hung a wooden bird from the branch of a tree and then summoned his students. One by one, he asked his students to aim for the eye of the wooden bird and be ready to shoot; then, when they were ready, he would ask the student to describe all that he was able to see. The students generally described the garden, the tree, flowers, the branch from which the bird was suspended and the bird itself. Guru Dronaachaarya then asked them to step aside. When asked what he could see, Arjuna told his Guru that he could only see the bird's eye. Another story says that Arjuna once noticed brother Bheema, who was a voracious eater, eating in the dark as though it was daylight, and realized that if he could practice archery in the dark he would become vastly more proficient.
[ફેરફાર કરો] દ્રૌપદી
His skill in archery was to have an unlikely utility; it won him the hand of Draupadi, his first wife, the daughter of Drupada, king of Panchala. A contest was held by Drupada to choose a suitable match for his daughter. A wooden fish was suspended high above a pool of water; furthermore, the fish rotated in a circle. Contestants were required to string a heavy bow and then use it to hit the eye of the rotating fish. They were allowed to take aim at the eye of the fish only by looking at its reflection in the pool of water. Many princes and noblemen vied for the hand of the princess of Panchala. Some (including Karna, another hero of the Mahābhārata) were disqualified on grounds of supposedly low birth. However, although the Pandavas and their mother were in hiding at that time, Arjuna had prudently dressed as a high-caste snaataka Brahmin and was allowed to compete. This was just as well, since it was eventually Arjuna, the peerless archer, who alone was able to accomplish the set task; he won the hand of Draupadi.
All the five Pandava brothers had attended the tournament without informing Kunti, their mother, about it. They returned home in triumph, bringing the princess Draupadi with them. From outside the house, they shouted out to their mother: "Mother, you will never believe what we have got here! Make a guess!" Busy with her work, Kunti refused to be baited. "Whatever it is, share it between yourselves equally, and do not quarrel over the matter," she said. So seriously did the brothers take even this casual statement of their mother, that they resolved upon making Draupadi their common wife. It says something about the magnanimity of Arjuna that, having won his bride single-handedly, he 'shared' her with all his brothers willingly. One possible reason he took this action was to prevent any breach or jealousy arising between the brothers. However, despite marrying all five brothers, Draupadi loved Arjuna the most and always favoured him. And Arjuna loved Draupadi the most out of his four wives.
There is another story about Draupadi, which mentions the boon she received in her previous birth of having five of the most desired men, as her husbands. Initially Draupadi's parents didn't agree to her marriage to all the Pandavas. But when he was told about this boon she had, King Drupada agreed.
[ફેરફાર કરો] આજ્ઞાનું ઉલ્લંઘન
The brothers agreed upon a protocol governing their relations with Draupadi, their common wife. An important point of this agreement was that no brother would disturb the couple when another brother was alone with Draupadi; the penalty for doing so was exile for a year. Once, when the Pandavas were still ruling over a prosperous Indraprastha, a brahmin came in great agitation to Arjuna and sought his help: a pack of cattle-thieves had seized his herd, he had recourse to none but Arjuna for a remedy. Arjuna was in a dilemma: his weaponry was in the room where Draupadi and Yudhishthira were alone together, and disturbing them would incur the penalty agreed upon. Arjuna hesitated for but a moment; in his mind, coming to the aid of his subject in distress, especially a brahmin, was the [[raison d'etre]] of a prince. The prospect of exile did not deter him from fulfilling the duty of aiding the brahmin; he disturbed the conjugal couple, took up his weaponry and rode forth to subdue the cattle-thieves. Upon finishing that task, he insisted, in the teeth of opposition from his entire family, including the two people whom he had disturbed, upon going away on exile.
[ફેરફાર કરો] વૈવાહિક જીવન
Apart from Draupadi, Arjuna was the husband of three other ladies, namely Chitrāngadā, Ulupi and Subhadra. All of these events occurred during the period when he went into exile alone after having disturbed Draupadi and Yudhishthira in their private apartments.
Chitrāngadā: Arjuna traveled the length and breadth of India during his term of exile. His wanderings took him to ancient Manipur in the eastern Himalayas, an almost mystic kingdom renowned for its natural beauty. Here he met the gentle Chitrāngadā, daughter of the king of Manipura, and was moved to seek her hand in marriage. Her father the king demurred on the plea that, according to the matrilineal customs of his people, the children born of Chitrāngadā were heira to Manipur; he could not allow his heirs to be taken away from Manipur by their father. Arjuna agreed to the stipulation that he would take away neither his wife Chitrāngadā nor any children borne by her from Manipur, and wed the princess on this premise. A son, whom they named Babruvāhana, was soon born to the happy couple--he would succeed his grandfather as King of Manipur.
Ulupi: While Arjuna was in Manipur, Uloopi, a Naga princess of otherwise noble character, became infatuated of him. She caused him to be abducted after he had been intoxicated with potent concoctions; she had him conveyed to her realm in the netherworld. Here, Uloopi induced an unwilling Arjuna to take her for wife. Later, the large-hearted and equally large-breasted Uloopi restored Arjuna to the lamenting Chitrāngadā. Uloopi later did much to further the comfort and happiness not only of Arjuna, but also of Chitrāngadā and the young Babruvahana. She played a very major part in the upbringing of Babruvāhana; she enjoyed much influence over him, and was eventually also to restore Arjuna to life after he was slain in battle by Babruvāhana.
Subhadrā: Arjuna decided to spend the last portion of his term of exile in an orchard near Dwaraka, the residence of his cousins Balarama, Krishna and Subhadrā, who were the children of his maternal uncle Vasudeva. Here, he and his cousin Subhadrā fell in love with each other. This matter was abetted by Krishna, who had always been particularly attached to Arjuna, and wished nothing but the best for his sister Subhadrā. Knowing that the entire family would view with disfavour the prospect of Subhadrā becoming the fourth wife of her cousin Arjuna, Krishna facilitated the elopement of the couple and their departure for Indraprastha. In a twist to the tale, at Krishna's advice, it was Subhadrā who drove the chariot from Dwaraka to Indraprastha. Krishna used this fact to persuade his family that Subhadrā had not been abducted; on the contrary, it was she who had kidnapped Arjuna.
A single son, Abhimanyu, was born to Arjuna and Subhadra. Parikshita, son of Abhimanyu and Uttarā, born after Abhimanyu was killed in the battlefield, was destined to be the sole surviving dynast of the entire Kuru clan, and succeeded Yudhistra as the emperor of the Pandava kingdom.
[ફેરફાર કરો] ગાંડિવ
Shortly after his return to Indraprastha, Arjuna visits the Khandava forest with Krishna. There they encounter Agni, the fire-god. He has become wan from consuming too much ghee as a result of one king who is performing far too many 'yagnas' (ritual invocations with fire), and feeding ghee to Agni. He asks for Arjuna and Krishna's help in consuming the forest in its entirety to restore him to health. Takshaka the serpent-king, a friend of Indra's, resides in it and Indra thus causes rain whenever Agni tries to burn this forest. Arjuna tells him that while he has training in the divine weapons, to withstand the power of Indra's astras he must have an exceptionally powerful bow, an unbreakable one. Agni then invokes Varuna, and then gives Arjuna the Gāndeeva, an incredibly powerful bow, which gave its user sure victory in battle. This bow plays a great role in Arjuna's battles to come. Additionally, he also gives Arjuna a divine chariot, with powerful white horses that do not tire, and are unwounded by normal weapons.
Arjuna tells Agni to proceed, and fights a duel with his father in the process, a battle that lasts several days and nights. A voice from the sky proclaims Arjuna and Krishna the victors, and tells Indra to withdraw.
[ફેરફાર કરો] મયસભા
In the burning of the forest, Arjuna chose to spare one Asura, named Maya, who was a gifted architect. In his gratitude, Maya built Yudhishtra a magnificent royal hall, unparalleled in the world. It is this hall, which triggers the pinnacle of Duryodhana's envy, causing the game of dice to be played.
[ફેરફાર કરો] વનવાસ
After Arjuna's return to Indraprastha, several crucial incidents described in the Mahābhārata took place, culminating in the exile of all the five Pandava brothers and of their common wife Draupadi. Arjuna's training during this period is particularly significant in the war to come.
પશુપત": ગુપ્તવાસના પાંચમા વર્ષ દરમ્યાન અર્જુન સૌને છોડી શીવજીના અંગત શસ્ત્ર પશુપત કે જે એટલું શક્તિશાળી હતું કે કોઇ પણ શસ્ત્રનો સામનો કરી શકે તેને મેળવવા શીવજીના તપ માટે હિમાલય જવા નીકળી પડે છે અર્જુને લાંબાસમય સુધી તપસ્યા કરી અને શીવજી પ્રસન્ન થયાં પણ તેની વધુ પરીક્ષા કરવા નક્કી કર્યું. તેમણે એક અસુરને મોટા વરાહના રૂપે તૈયાર કર્યો જે અર્જુનની તપસ્યા ભંગ કરે. વિરાહથી ચિડાઇ અર્જુને તેનો પીછો કર્યો અને તેને મારવા તેના પર તીર છોડ્યાં. તેજ સમયે એક તોછડા શિકારી (શીવ) બીજું તીર પણ તે વરાહને વાગ્યું. શિકારી (કિરાત) અને યોદ્ધાના ગર્વ આધીન અર્જુન વચ્ચે કોના તીર દ્વારા વરાહ મર્યો તે વચ્ચે વિવાદ થયો. આ વિવાદ દ્વંદ્વયુદ્ધમાં પરીણમ્યો. શિકારીએ થોદાજ સમયમાં અર્જુનને અસ્ત્ર રહિત કરી દીધો. પોતાની હારથી લજ્જાસ્પ્દ થઈ અર્જુન સાધના માટે બનાવેલ શીવ લિઁગ તરફ ફર્યો અને ઉપાસના કરવા લાગ્યો. તે જે પણ ફૂલો ચઢાવ્યા તે સૌ જાદુથી કિરાત પર ચડવા લાગ્યાં. અર્જુન શિકારીની કરી ઓળખ પામી જાય છે અને શીવજી ના પગે પડે છે. શીવજી છેવટે તેને પશુપથ નું જ્ઞાન આપે છે. આ અશ્ત્ર મેળવી તે પોતાના જૈવિક પિતાને મળવા ઇંદ્રલોક જાય છે અને દેવો દ્વારા વધુ જ્ઞાન મેળવે છે. વધારામાં તે નિવત્કવચ અને કાલકેય નામના આકાશમાં રહેનારા અને દેવોને રંઝાડનાર બે અસુરોનો પણ નાશ કરે છે. આ બે રાક્ષસોએ બ્રહ્માજી પાસે દેવોથી અજેય રહેવાનું વરાદાન મેળવેલું હતું. દેવોની તાલીમ દ્વારા અર્જુન માનવ હોવાથી તેમને સફળતાથી મારી શક્યો.
ઉર્વશી નો શાપ ઇંદ્રલોકમાં ગાળેલા સમય દરમ્યાન ઉર્વશી નામની અપ્સરા અર્જુન પ્રત્યે આકર્ષિત થઇ અને અર્જુન સમક્ષ લગ્નનો પ્રસ્તાવ મૂક્યો. ભૂતકાળમાં ઉર્વશી ના લગ્ન પૌરવ નામના રાજા સાથે થયાં હતાં અને તેના દ્વારા તેમને આયુશ નામે એક પુત્ર હતો જે અર્જુનનો દૂરનો પિતરાઇ થતો હતો. આ સંબંધ અનુસાર ઉર્વશિ તે ઉર્વશીને માતા સમાન જોતો હતો. આમ જણાવી તેણે ઉર્વશીના પ્રસ્તાવનો અસ્વીકાર કર્યો. એક અન્ય મત અનુસાર ઉર્વશી અર્જુનના પિતા ઇંદ્રના દરબારની અપ્સરા હોવાથી તેને તે અમુક હદે માતા સમાન નીહાળતો હતો. પોતાનો અસ્વીકાર ઉર્વશીને અપમાન સમાન લાગ્યો. તેણે અર્જુનને સમજાવ્યું કે પૃથ્વીના કોઇ સંબંધો સ્વર્ગની અપ્સરાને બંધનકારી નથી. તેમ છતાં અર્જુન પોતાની વિચાર બંધન માંથી બહારન આવી શક્યો અને ઉર્વશીને કહ્યું ૢ હું તો આપની સમક્ષ એક બાળક છું આ ઉત્તર સાંભળી ઉર્વશીએ અર્જુનને નપુસકતાનો શાપ આપ્યો. ઇંદ્રએ તેને શાપ ઘટાદવાનો કહ્યું આથી તેણે શાપની અવધી એક વર્ષ કરી અને પોતાના જીવનનો કોઇપણ એક વર્ષ તે પસંદ કરી વ્યંડળ બની શકે તેવી જોગવાઇ રાખી. આ શાપ અર્જુન માટે વરદાન સાબિત થયો અને તેને તેણે ખૂબ જ અસર કારાક રીતે વનવાસના છેલ્લાં વર્ષ દરમ્યાન કર્યો જ્યારે તેમણે ગુપ્તાવાસમાં રહેવાનું હતું. કૌરવ સાથેના કરાર અનુસાર તેઁઅને ૧૨ વર્ષ દેશવટો સહી તેરમા વર્ષે ગુપ્તાવાસમાં રહેવાનુ હતું. આ વર્ષ તેમણે વિરાટ રાજ્યમાં ગાળ્યો. અર્જુને આ વર્ષે ઉર્વશીના શાપનો ઉપયોગ કરી વ્યંડળતરીકે ગાળ્યો. તેને બ્રિહનાલ નામ લીધું. તે વર્ષના અંતે અર્જુને એકલે હાથે વિરાટ પર ચડી આવેલી કૌરવ સેનાને હરાવી હતી. તેની તે બહાદુરીના બદલા સ્વરૂપે અને પાંડવોની ખરી ઓળખ મેળવતા વિરાટ રાજે પોતાને કન્યા ઉત્તરાને અર્જુન સાથે પરણાવી. ઉંમરના અંતર ઉપરાંત વ્યંડળ સ્વરૂપે નૃત્ય અને સંગીતનો પ્રશિક્ષક હોવાથી અર્જુને ઉત્તરાને કન્યા સમાન ગણી હોવાથી મૂંઝવણ વ્યક્ત કરી. અને જણાવ્યું કે ઉત્તરાના વિવાહ તેના પુત્ર અભિમન્યુ સાથે કરવામાં આવે. આ વિવાહ થકી જન્મેલ બાળક કુરુ કુળનો એક માત્ર વારસ જીવીત રહેવાઅ પામ્યો.
[ફેરફાર કરો] હનુમાનજી
કુરુક્ષેત્રના યુદ્ધ દરમ્યાન કૃષ્ણની અંગત દેખરેખ અને દોરવણી ઉપરાંત હનુમાનજી નો પણ ટેકો હતો. અર્જુન રથ પર હનુમાનજીના ધ્વજ સાથે યુદ્ધ ભૂમિમાં ઉતર્યો. આનું કારણ અર્જુન અને હનુમાનજી વચ્ચે ઘટેલી એક ભૂતકાળની ઘટના હતી. રામેશ્વરમાં જ્યાં સીતાને બચાવવા જતાં શ્રી રામે લંકા સુધી પુલ બાંધ્યો હતો ત્યાં હનુમાનજી અર્જુનને એક સામાન્ય વાનર સ્વરૂપે મળ્યાં. પુલ બનાવવા વાનરોની મદદ લેવા કરતાં રામે તીરનો જ પુલ કેમ ન બનાવ્યો તેવી શંકા પ્રકટ પણે વ્યક્ત કરતા હનુમાનજીએ (સામાન્ય વાનરના રૂપમાં) માત્ર તેનોજ ભાર ખમી શકે એવો પુલ બનાવવા આહવાન કર્યું. વાનરની ખરી ઓળખથી અજાણ એવા અર્જુને તે આહવાન સ્વીકારી લીધું. ઘડી ઘડી અર્જુને બનાવેલ પુલને આ વાનર તોડી પાડતો. પોતાની આવી અસમ્ર્થતા જોઇને અર્જુને અત્યંત હતાશ થઇ ગયો અને તેણે આત્મ હત્યાની તૈયારી કરી. ત્યારે વિષ્ણુ પ્રકટ થયાં અને અર્જુનને તેના ગર્વ બદલ અને હનુમાનને અર્જુનેને અસમર્થ (હીન) બતાવવા બદલ ઠપકો આપ્યો. પોતાના પશ્ચ્યાતાપ સ્વરૂપે અને વળતર સ્વરૂપે હનુમાનજી ભવિષ્યના મહાયુદ્ધમાં અર્જુનના રથને સદ્ધર અને મજબૂત રાખવા વચન આપ્યું.
[ફેરફાર કરો] ભગવદ્ ગીતા
Krishna's elder step brother Balarama, ruler of Dwaraka, decides not to take sides in the war, as both Kauravas and Pandavas are kinsmen of the Yadavas. However, Krishna in his personal capacity decides to be near Arjuna and protect him. Krishna becomes Arjuna's personal charioteer during the 18-day war and protects Arjuna upon numerous occasions from injury and death. The term "Charioteer" in connection to Krishna is interpreted as "One who guides" or "One who shows the way"; apart from protecting Arjuna from all mishap, Krishna also showed Arjuna the righteous way by revealing the Bhagavad Gita to him in the hours immediately preceding the start of battle.
This happened thus: As the two armies fell into battle-formation and faced each other on the battlefield, Arjuna's heart grew heavy. He saw arrayed before him his own kinsfolk; the elders of his clan on whose knees he had once been dandled as a child; the very guru Dronacharya who first taught him to wield the bow all those decades ago. Will it be worthwhile, he asked himself, to annihilate his own kindred for the sake of a kingdom? Arjuna sees his spirit faltering at this crucial juncture just as the war is about to begin; he resorts to Krishna for guidance.
It is at this juncture that Lord Krishna reveals the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna. This is one of the most revered of Hindu texts. In it, Krishna deems it Arjuna's duty to struggle to uphold righteousness, without consideration of personal loss, consequence or reward; the discharge of one's moral duty, he says, supersedes all other pursuits, whether spiritual and material, in life.
The Bhagavad Gita is a record of the conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna. The relationship between Arjuna and Krishna is representative of what is ideal for all mankind: Man guided by God. The Bhagavad Gita records the Lord comforting and guiding a mortal who is facing a terrible moral crisis, and is an important scripture in Hinduism.
[ફેરફાર કરો] કુરુક્ષેત્ર
Thus fortified in his belief of the righteousness of his chosen course of action, Arjuna takes up arms and essays a vastly important role in the winning of the war by the Pandavas.
[ફેરફાર કરો] કર્ણ વધ
Arjuna killed his uterine brother Karna, another formidable warrior who was fighting in aid of the Kauravas against the Pandavas. This act of fratricide was committed by him while in ignorance of the relationship. Karna and Arjuna form a terrible rivalry when Karna seeks to revenge himself upon Arjuna's guru and the princely order for casting him out and humiliating him. Arjuna is further provoked when Karna insults Arjuna and the other Pandava's wife Draupadi and has an indirect role in the murder of Arjuna's son Abhimanyu in battle.Arjuna helps his brother bhima to kill karna's son just before the previous day of Abhimanyu's death. They both bring this terrible and personal rivalry to a climactic battle of terrifying proportions. For a long, long time, powerful weapons are discharged by the two warriors at terrifying pace without relent. The prowess and courage of both is marveled by the millions of other soldiers. Karna, knowing that he cannot kill Arjuna by any means, takes out his snake arrow to kill Arjuna and he knows that he cannot use the snake arrow again since he has promised his mother Kunti. He uses this snake arrow against Arjuna but snake aswasena whose mother was killed by arjuna enters that arrow and tries to kill Arjuna. But the Lord Krishna saves his friend and devotee Arjuna at this crucial juncture. Then Arjuna becomes mad with anger and shame and rains innumerable arrows at Karna and wounds him. Then Arjuna is urged by Lord Krishna to kill Karna when he is attempting to raise his chariot, reminding him of Karna's own apparent lack of mercy and regard for the rules of war in the killing of Arjuna's son Abhimanyu in a terrible and brutal fashion. Arjuna thus kills Karna. In the end Karna's sins doom him, marking another instance in the Mahābhārata of how an individual's actions serve to mark his destiny, and the need to lead a virtuous life.
[ફેરફાર કરો] જયદ્રથ વધ
In another memorable battle, it was Arjuna who annihilated a whole akshouhini, or hundreds of thousands (109,350) of Kaurava soldiers in one day to avenge the terrible murder of his son Abhimanyu, who was killed by all of the strongest warriors of the Kaurava Army, attacking simultaneously and especially when Abhimanyu was exhausted and deprived of weapons and trapped in a formation impossible for anyone save the Kuru general Drona, Arjuna, Krishna and Krishna's son Pradyumna to escape from. Having pledged to enter the fire if he failed to kill the Sindhu king Jayadratha, whom he held principally responsible, by the end of the day, Arjuna in the process kills an entire akshauhini, or more than hundreds of thousands of soldiers. In the climactic moment, the sun is close to setting and thousands of warriors still separate Arjuna and Jayadratha. Seeing his friend's plight, the Lord Krishna, his charioteer, raises his Sudarshana Chakra to cover the Sun, faking a sunset. The Kaurava warriors rejoice over Arjuna's defeat and imminent death, and Jayadratha is exposed in a crucial moment, where upon the Lord's urging, Arjuna sets loose a powerful arrow that decapitates Jayadratha. This note of the act of protection of Krishna of his righteous friend and disciple will be incomplete without adding that Jayadratha's father, the old and sinful king Vridhakshtra had blessed his son that anyone who caused his head to fall to the ground would cause his own head to burst. Jayadratha's head is carried by the arrow to his own father's hands, who was meditating near the battlefield; who in his shock drops the head and himself dies of his own blessing.
[ફેરફાર કરો] યુદ્ધ પછી
After the conclusion of the war, the Pandavas take charge of Hastinapura, the undivided realm of their ancestors. Their great victory, the wide support they gained for their cause and the defeat of the many kings who had supported the Kauravas, all unite to make them feel that the time is right to hazard a further venture: the performance of the Asvamedha Yagna, or "horse sacrifice", whereafter the title of Chakravarti ("Emperor") may be assumed. The sacrifice required that after preliminary rituals, a horse is let loose to wander where it will. The kings upon whose lands the horse wanders all have a choice: they may either accept the master of the horse (in this case, Yudishthira, eldest of the Pandavas) as their own leige lord and offer their submission to him, or they may offer resistance and wage war. Arjuna led the armed host which followed the horse around its random wanderings. He had occasion to receive the submission of many kings, either without or following an armed confrontation. He was thus instrumental in the expansion of the Pandava domains. His war campaign into the Uttarapatha resulted in the reduction of over thirty tribes/Kingdoms including those of Pragjyotisha, Uluka, Modapura, Vamadeva, Sudaman, Susankula, Northern Uluka, Puru kingdom of Viswagaswa, Utsava-Sanketa, Lohita, Trigarta, Darava, Abhisara, Kokonada, Ursa, Simhapura, Suhma, Sumala, Balhika, Darada, Kamboja. Thence after reducing the robber tribes of the mountains, Arjuna landed into Transoxiana region (Sakadvipa or Scythia) and conquers the Lohas, Parama Kambojas, Northern Rishikas (or Parama Rishikas), Limpurushas, Haratakas, Gandharvas and the Uttarakurus etc.
In course of time, the Pandava brothers decide, at an advanced age, to renounce the world. They entrust the kingdom to Parikshita, the son of Abhimanyu and grandson of Arjuna. The Pandavas, including Arjuna, then retire to the Himalayas and eventually depart the world.
[ફેરફાર કરો] કર્ણ વચ્ચે તફાવત
There are many parallels between Arjuna and Karna. Both were master archers, and competed for Draupadi's hand. A deeper connection lies in the fact that the two felt strong ties to the Kaurava side, both through friendship and through blood. Karna's ride with Krishna is very similar to the Sacred Bhagavad Gita, in which Krishna reminded Arjuna of his duty. Their decisions, along with the consequences to themselves and their families, are used to emphasize the importance of following duty, as Krishna expounded.
Arjuna serves as an excellent example of a dilligent student, epitome of concentration and skillfull individual who was blessed and protected with more boons because of lord Krishna's attachment towards him. The blemish to his name is his helping his brother Bhima to kill Karna's son, killing of Bhisma pittamah with the help of Shikhandi and making his brother Yudhistra to tell a lie which resulted in brutual killing of his guru Drona.
[ફેરફાર કરો] અન્ય નામો
- Partha (son of Pritha, another name for Kunti).
- Jishnu (the Irrepressible)
- Kiriti (Shining Diadem, which was gifted by Indra)
- Shwethavahana (one of Shining Steeds)
- Bheebhatsu (the Fair Fighter)
- Vijaya (the Victorious)
- Phalguna (one born under the asterism "Uttara Phalguna")
- Savyasachi (one capable of working a bow with either hand)
- Dhananjaya (winner of Great Wealth)
- Gandeevi (the owner of Gandeeva, his bow)
- Krishna (the dark-skinned one, named by Pandu out of his admiration of Krishna)
- Kapidhwaja (With the Monkey banner) as Hanuman sat on his banner. It is mentioned that his banner was of a monkey even before the great war.
- Gudakesha (conqueror of sleep, given in childhood itself, after he started practising archery skills in the dead of night)
[ફેરફાર કરો] સંદર્ભ
[ફેરફાર કરો] બાહ્ય કડિઓ
- http://mythfolklore.net/india/encyclopedia/arjuna.htm
- Summary and Complete translation of Mahabharata
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